What is direct speech?

Direct speech is a direct quote of another person’s exact words in the same order and in quotation marks (as opposed to indirect speech/reported speech, which is a form of paraphrasing).

The following examples illustrate the differences between direct speech and indirect speech/reported speech.

Direct speech: The recruiter asked, “Why do you want to work here?”
Indirect speech/reported speech: The recruiter asked me why I want to work there.

When you’re writing with direct speech, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you ensure that the quotation marks and other punctuation are in the right place.

Sentence and word structure: Other interesting questions

What is the difference between a compound subject and a compound predicate?: A compound subject refers to the group of nouns or pronouns that perform the action of the verb or are described by the verb (e.g., “Elle and Miriam are going to the store,” “She and Miriam are tall”).

A compound predicate occurs when two or more verbs share the same subject (e.g., “Beck walks and runs daily”).

Compound subjects and compound predicates can be used together (e.g., “The fans and the team cheered and shouted to celebrate the win”), or a compound subject can be used with a simple predicate and vice versa.
Do compound predicates need commas?: A compound predicate with only two verbs does not use a comma (e.g., “I made my bed and took a shower”).

For a compound predicate with more than two verbs, a comma is used to separate the verbs or verb phrases, and the coordinating conjunction (e.g., “and”) is placed before the last verb.

If you use the Oxford comma (or serial comma), you place a comma before the conjunction (e.g., “I cooked, cleaned, and did laundry all day”).

If you do not use the Oxford comma, you do not place a comma before the conjunction (e.g., “I cooked, cleaned and did laundry all day”).
What is the difference between a compound predicate and a compound sentence?: In a compound predicate, two (or more) verbs share one subject (e.g., “Tan sings and dances very well”).

A compound sentence has two (or more) separate subjects that act on two (or more) separate verbs (e.g., “Tan sings, and Lina dances”).
Can a gerund be the object of a preposition?: Yes, since it functions as a noun, a gerund (e.g., “reading,” “thinking”) can be the object of a preposition in a sentence (e.g., “I’ve thought about leaving”).
Can there be a compound object of a preposition?: Yes, an object of a preposition is considered compound if it consists of two or more nouns or pronouns (e.g., “I’m going hiking with Vera and Jonas”).
Can you end a sentence with “to”?: Yes, a sentence can end with to (e.g., “Whom are you talking to?”). In the past, writers were encouraged not to end a sentence with a preposition (e.g., “to,” “for,” “about”), but this guidance is outdated.

Sentences and clauses frequently end with a preposition when the object of the preposition is a relative pronoun (e.g., “whom,” “what”).
Can you end a sentence with “with”?: Yes, a sentence can end with with (e.g., “What can I pair this wine with?”). In the past, writers were encouraged not to end a sentence with a preposition (e.g., “with,” “for,” “to”), but this guidance is outdated.

Sentences and clauses frequently end with a preposition when the object of the preposition is a relative pronoun (e.g., “whom,” “what”).
Can you end a sentence with “for”?: Yes, a sentence can end with “for” (e.g., “I don’t know what this tool is for”). In the past, writers were encouraged not to end a sentence with a preposition (e.g., “for,” “to,” “about”), but this guidance is outdated.

Sentences and clauses frequently end with a preposition when the object of the preposition is a relative pronoun (e.g., “whom,” “what”).
What is an interrogative adjective?: Interrogative adjectives (also called interrogative determiners) are words that modify a noun or pronoun to form a question (e.g., “Which shirt do you like?”). The three interrogative adjectives are “which,” “what,” and “whose.”

Interrogative adjectives belong to a larger class of words, sometimes referred to as “interrogatives.” When “which,” “what,” and “whose” are used to stand in for a noun, rather than modifying it (e.g., “Which do you like?”), they are known as interrogative pronouns.
What is an indirect question?: Indirect questions are questions that are embedded in a statement (e.g., “I wonder who will win this year;” “She asked Max where he was”).

Indirect questions often begin with an interrogative word (e.g., “where,” “when”), but they can also begin with “if” or “whether” (e.g., “My mom asked whether you want to stay for dinner”).

An indirect question is a special type of noun clause, often referred to as an interrogative clause. It is typically embedded within a declarative sentence, so it is not followed by a question mark. Additionally, the word order is the same as a declarative sentence (i.e., subject followed by verb).
What is the difference between “which” and “what”?: When used as an interrogative to form a question, “what” refers to an (essentially) unlimited set of options, while “which” refers to a narrower or limited set. For example:

What are you wearing to the concert?

Which shirt will you wear: the blue or the green?

What is your favorite song?

Which song should I play for the recital?

The choice of “what” or “which” often depends on the context of the sentence.
How do I use “whose” in a sentence?: “Whose” is an interrogative word that is used to indicate possession. It can be used in questions as an interrogative pronoun (e.g., “Whose is this?”) or interrogative determiner (e.g., “Whose phone has a blue case?”).

It is also used as a relative pronoun in adjective clauses (e.g., “My neighbors, whose dog is always escaping, are building a fence”).

Sometimes, people get confused about the difference between “whose” and “who’s.” The words sound the same but have different meanings. “Who’s” is the contraction of “who is” or “who has” (e.g., “Who’s your favorite singer?”).
What is an interrogative adverb?: The interrogative adverbs are “when,” “where,” “why,” and “how.” They are used to ask questions about time, location, reason, or manner (e.g., “Where do you want to go for dinner?”).

These words are known as interrogative adverbs because the answers they prompt are adverbs, adverb phrases, or adverb clauses.

Interrogative adverbs are part of a larger group of words referred to as “interrogatives.” These words (typically starting with “wh-”) are used to form questions.
What is the difference between coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions?: Coordinating conjunctions are single words that are used to link grammatically equal elements (e.g., “cheese and crackers”). There are seven coordinating conjunctions in English: “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” and “so.”

Subordinating conjunctions are words or phrases that are used at the beginning of a dependent clause (e.g., “until,” “if,” “even though”). They show the relationship between a dependent clause and an independent clause.

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that show the relationship between two grammatically equal elements (e.g., “either pizza or pasta”). The most common correlative conjunctions are “either … or,” “neither … nor,” “both … and,” and “not only … but also.”

A QuillBot grammar check can ensure you’re using the different types of conjunctions correctly.
Does “not only but also” require a comma?: Like all correlative conjunctions, “not only … but also” does not typically require a comma (e.g., “The weather forecast calls for not only rain but also hail”).

The one exception to this is when it is used to join two independent clauses, which each have a subject and a verb (e.g., “Ava not only speaks Spanish, but she also is learning French”). This sentence could also be rephrased to not require a comma (e.g., “Ava not only speaks Spanish but also is learning French”).

A QuillBot grammar check can help ensure you’re using correlative conjunctions correctly.
How can I identify a sentence fragment?: At its simplest, a sentence contains a subject and a verb (e.g., “Sarah woke up”). If there is no verb or no subject, then it’s usually a sentence fragment.

Another way of testing whether you’re dealing with a sentence fragment is to ask yourself if it expresses a complete thought. If it doesn’t, then it is a sentence fragment (e.g., “No luck today”).

Look for clauses that leave you needing more information to fully understand them (e.g., “Yesterday at the hospital”).
Can a sentence contain a subject and a verb but still be a sentence fragment?: Yes, a statement might have a subject and a verb but still be a sentence fragment. This is especially the case with dependent clauses. When a dependent clause is not connected to an independent clause, it is a sentence fragment:

When Alex had a birthday party.

When Alex had a birthday party, I was able to help with the arrangements.

To help you decide, you can ask yourself if the clause expresses a complete thought (e.g., “When Alex had a birthday party, I was able to help with the arrangements”) or if there is information missing (e.g., “When Alex had a birthday party”).
How can I fix a sentence fragment error?: Sometimes it might take some rewriting to make a sentence fragment better. Rearranging the clauses and adjusting the punctuation can fix a sentence fragment:

I missed the game on Saturday. Because I had broken my foot.

Because I had broken my foot, I missed the game on Saturday.

In some cases, you may need to add a missing subject:

Went shopping.

I went shopping.

In other cases, you might need to add a subject and a verb:

Running through the park in the early morning.

I love running through the park in the early morning.
What is the difference between a sentence and a sentence fragment?: A sentence contains at least a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

A sentence fragment is usually missing a subject, a verb, or both (e.g., “Wondering what to cook for dinner”).

In some cases, a clause might have both a subject and a verb, but also a subordinating conjunction. This makes it a dependent clause on its own, which is a sentence fragment (e.g., “After the second Act”).

A simple question to ask yourself to test if you have a sentence fragment is whether the clause contains a complete thought. If it does, then there is probably no problem.
Can a compound subject be used in a simple sentence?: Yes, a compound subject can be used in a simple sentence—a sentence that has only one subject-verb pair (e.g., “Terrence and I like to hike).

Compound subjects can be used in all sentence types (i.e., simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex).

When you’re writing with different types of sentences and sentence subjects, the QuillBot Grammar Checker is a quick and easy way to proofread.
How does subject-verb agreement work with a compound subject?: Subject-verb agreement for compound subjects can seem complex, but there are two basic rules to keep in mind.

For compound subjects connected with “and,” a plural verb is almost always used (e.g., “Carlos and Elise go to the same school”).

For compound subjects connected with “or” or “nor,” the verb agrees with whichever noun is closest to it (e.g., “Either my parents or my sister picks me up from school” or “Either my sister or my parents pick me up from school”).
What’s the difference between dangling and misplaced modifiers?: A dangling modifier is a modifier that does not have a subject within the sentence. In contrast, a misplaced modifier does have a subject, but the modifier and the subject being modified are separated.

The following sentence has a dangling modifier:
“Eager to leave the room, the presentation ended early.”
In this sentence, there is no subject indicating who was eager to leave the room.

In contrast, this sentence has a misplaced modifier:
“My mom gave the food to the dog that we wouldn’t eat.”
The placement of the modifier “that we wouldn’t eat” makes it seem as if it is modifying “the dog” instead of “the food.”

A clearer structure would be the following:
“My mom gave the food that we wouldn’t eat to the dog.”
What is a squinting modifier?: A squinting modifier, also known as an ambiguous modifier, is a modifier that could possibly modify two different parts of the sentence.

The following sentence has a squinting modifier:
“Paolo works in a restaurant serving shrimp.”
In this sentence, it is unclear if Paolo’s specific job is serving shrimp in a restaurant or if the restaurant is dedicated specifically to shrimp.

This can be clarified as either of the following two sentences:

“Paolo works serving shrimp in a restaurant.” [indicating that Paolo serves shrimp]

“Paolo works in a restaurant that serves shrimp.” [indicating that the restaurant serves shrimp]
How can I identify a misplaced modifier?: To identify a misplaced modifier, it is important to understand which word(s) in a sentence a modifier is describing. If the modifier is far away from those words, it likely needs to be moved closer.

Example:
“Running away with its tail between its legs, the child laughed after frightening the dog.”

In this sentence, the subject of the modifying clause “Running away with its tail between its legs” clearly refers to the dog, but another subject, “the child” is squeezed between the clause and what it describes.

Better phrasings would be as follows:

“The child laughed after frightening the dog, which ran away with its tail between its legs.”

“Running away with its tail between its legs, the dog had been frightened by the child, who laughed afterward.”
Which word signals a nonrestrictive clause?: Nonrestrictive clauses, like all relative clauses (or adjective clauses), begin with a relative pronoun, typically “which,” “who,” “whom,” or “whose” (e.g., “I want to vacation in Majorca, which is part of Spain”).

The relative pronoun “that” is only used with restrictive clauses, never with nonrestrictive clauses.

Nonrestrictive clauses are set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.
Why are nonrestrictive clauses used?: Nonrestrictive clauses are used to give extra, nonessential information about a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase (e.g., “The summer Olympics, which take place every 4 years, will be in Paris”).

Unlike restrictive clauses, which are used to identify people or things, nonrestrictive clauses are typically used to give additional information about particular people or things. So, they are frequently used with specific nouns (e.g., “my mom,” “the new teacher,” “your house”) rather than general nouns (e.g., “kids,” “the man,” “books”).

When a relative clause is used to describe a proper noun (e.g., “David,” “Prospect Park”), a nonrestrictive clause is almost always used.
What is the difference between restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses?: Both restrictive clauses and nonrestrictive clauses are types of relative clauses (or adjective clauses), which act as adjectives in sentences to describe nouns or pronouns.

Restrictive clauses give essential identifying information about the nouns they modify. They often answer the question “which one?” If they are removed from a sentence, the meaning of the sentence is changed or becomes unclear (e.g., “Apples that are picked too early are sour”).

Nonrestrictive clauses give extra, nonessential information about the nouns they modify. They can be removed from a sentence without changing its meaning or making it unclear (e.g., “Apples, which are my favorite fruit, are high in fiber”).

Nonrestrictive clauses are set off from the rest of the sentence by commas. Restrictive clauses should not be set off by commas.
What is a defining relative clause?: “Defining relative clause” is another name for a restrictive clause, which is a type of relative clause (or adjective clause) that gives essential identifying information about the noun or pronoun it modifies (e.g., “The girl who is holding a teddy bear is my daughter”).

Restrictive clauses cannot be removed from a sentence without changing its meaning or making it unclear.
What is a non-defining relative clause?: “Non-defining relative clause” is another name for a nonrestrictive clause, which is a type of relative clause (or adjective clause) that gives extra, nonessential information about the noun or pronoun it modifies (e.g., “I am going to visit Lake Superior, which is the world’s largest freshwater lake”).

Nonrestrictive clauses can be removed from a sentence without changing its meaning.
How can I identify a root word?: To break down a word and identify the root, it is helpful to first identify any affixes attached to the word. Prefixes and suffixes often modify root words, so removing these can reveal the root word and help you unlock the word’s meaning.

For example, “predated” has the prefix “pre-” (“before”) and the suffix “-ed,” which is used here to indicate the past tense. Removing the prefix and the suffix gives us the root word “datus,” or the past participle of “dare,” “to give,” in Latin.
What are word families?: Root words form the basis of word families, or groups of all the words derived from a given root.

Word families include all the inflections and derivations of a given root word. However, because language evolves over time, some words in a word family might have very different meanings, even if they share the same etymological root.
What is the difference between a direct object and an indirect object?: Direct objects are nouns that receive the action of a verb and answer the question “what?” or “whom?” (e.g., “I bought some flowers”).

Indirect objects are nouns that receive the direct object and answer the question “to whom?” or “for whom?” (e.g., “I bought Morgan some flowers”).

Both direct objects and indirect objects are used with transitive verbs. Direct objects are required after transitive verbs, and indirect objects are optional
What is an example of an indirect object in a sentence?: In sentences, indirect objects receive the direct object and answer the question “for whom?” or “to whom.” For example, in the sentence “I gave the teacher my homework,” “the teacher” is the indirect object. It answers the question “To whom did I give my homework?”
Which verbs take indirect objects?: Indirect objects are always optional in English. When they do appear, they always appear alongside a direct object, so they are only used with transitive verbs. Transitive verbs that frequently use an indirect object are called ditransitive verbs (e.g., “sell,” “bring,” “take,” “send, “show”).
What is the difference between an independent clause and a dependent clause?: An independent clause has a subject and a verb and can stand on its own as a complete sentence (e.g., “Puppies are playful”).

A dependent clause must be joined with an independent clause because it does not express a complete thought (e.g., “Puppies are playful because they have a lot of energy”).

Dependent clauses are marked by the use of subordinating conjunctions (e.g., “because,” “although,” “while”) or relative pronouns (e.g., “that,” “which,” “who”).
How are independent clauses linked to other clauses?: Independent clauses can be joined together using a semicolon (e.g., “I love my puppy Coco; she is so much fun”) or a comma and coordinating conjunction, like “and,” “but,” or “so” (e.g., “I wish I could play with Coco all day, but I have to work”).

Less commonly, a colon or an em dash can be used to link two independent clauses (e.g., “Let’s admit what the real problem is here: We haven’t devoted enough time to training”).

Independent clauses can also be joined with dependent clauses to form complex and compound-complex sentences. In a complex sentence, the independent clause is known as the main clause.

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help you use different sentence structures correctly.
When should I use a semicolon to link independent clauses?: Semicolons are a useful way of joining together two independent clauses that are closely related (e.g., “Please take your shoes off; I’ve just mopped the floor”).

You can also use conjunctive adverbs to express the relationship between the clauses, which give insight into how your ideas are connected (e.g., “The experiment yielded unexpected results; moreover, it led to a reevaluation of our hypothesis”).

Semicolons add nuance and sophistication to your writing, but they should not be overused as this can make them less effective in helping information stand out.
How can dependent clauses be identified?: Dependent clauses typically begin with a word called a dependent marker. This dependent marker can be either a subordinating conjunction (e.g., “because,” “before,” “unless”) or a relative pronoun (e.g., “that,” “which,” “who”).
What are the types of dependent clauses?: There are three types of dependent clauses: adverbial clauses, adjective clauses, and noun clauses. Dependent clauses are categorized into these types based on the role they play in a sentence.
Is “of” a prepositional phrase?: “Of” is a preposition that can be combined with nouns and modifiers to form prepositional phrases. It can express a range of meanings, including the following:

Possession or relationship: “the wheel of my car.”

Origin: “people of ancient Mesopotamia.”

Material, contents, or construction: “a shard of glass.”

About or relating to: “I told him of my travels.”
Is “with” a prepositional phrase?: With is a preposition that can be combined with nouns and modifiers to form prepositional phrases. It has a few meanings, including the following:

Who an action is performed with: “I went to the cinema with my brother.”

A combination of items: “they served tea with milk.”

What is used to carry out an action: “I wrote the letter with a fountain pen.”

How something is done: “They danced with skill and grace.”
Is “on” a prepositional phrase?: “On” is a preposition that can be combined with nouns and modifiers to form prepositional phrases. It has a range of meanings, including the following:

Place: “Dinner is on the table.”

Time: “My birthday is on Friday.”
What is an example of a prepositional phrase?: An example of a prepositional phrase is “in the washing machine.” A prepositional phrase combines a preposition (e.g., “in,” “on,” “with”) with nouns and modifiers. They can act as adjectives, adverbs, and nouns in a sentence.

Here are some other examples of prepositional phrases:

The party is on Tuesday.

I can write with a quill.

The cup of water fell to the ground.
How do you hyphenate a three-word compound adjective?: In a three-word compound adjective, a hyphen is typically used between each word in the sequence (e.g., “a well-thought-out plan”).

When a three-word compound adjective incorporates a compound proper noun, such as “New York,” it is generally unnecessary to use a hyphen between the words that comprise the proper noun (e.g., “New York-style,” “Great Gatsby-themed,” “Franz Kafka-inspired”).

In cases like these, many writers use an en dash instead of a hyphen (e.g., “New York–style”) to emphasize that both words of the compound noun are connected to the other word to form the compound adjective.

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help ensure you’re using hyphens and compound words correctly.
What is the difference between the homophones their, there, and they’re?: Their shows possession. There shows where something is or that it exists. And they’re is a contraction of they are.
Do words have to be spelled the same to be homophones?: They may be spelled the same, but they don’t have to be. Words that have the same sound and same spelling are homonyms and may also be homophones or homographs.
What are good transition words for conclusions?: Good transition words and phrases for conclusions include:

To conclude (with)

Finally

At last

As a final point

In conclusion

Lastly

In sum

Overall

The transition you choose will depend on the level of formality of your text and the argument you have made.

Using QuillBot’s Paraphrasing Tool can help you vary your word choice.
What are good transition words to start a paragraph?: Good transition words and phrases to start a paragraph depend on the purpose of the paragraph and how it relates to the previous one.

Transition words to start a paragraph

Function of paragraph Transition word examples

Introducing a point to begin with, first of all, first (or second or third)

Building on a previous point furthermore, to illustrate, considering x, on the subject of x, similarly, consequently, returning to x

Contrasting with a previous point however, in contrast, on the other hand

QuillBot’s free AI paragraph generator makes starting paragraphs easy. Simply give it a prompt, and it will instantly craft a well-structured paragraph. Or, you can input paragraphs you’ve already written an ask the tool to suggest appropriate transitions.
What are good transition words to show contrast?: Good transition words and phrases to show contrast include:

However

Although

In contrast

Conversely

Whereas

On the other hand

While

The transition you choose will depend on the level of formality of your text and your sentence structure.

QuillBot’s Paraphraser can help you vary your word choice.
What are good transition words for essays?: Some good transition words and phrases for essays include “first (of all),” “initially,” “to begin with,” “for example,” “in particular,” “conversely,” “in summary,” “overall,” and “finally.”

QuillBot’s free paraphrasing tool can help you add variety to the transition words you use in your writing.
What are good transition words for the first body paragraph in an essay?: Good transition words and phrases for the first body paragraph in an essay include:

To begin with

First

Initially

First of all

Considering x

On the subject of x

QuillBot’s free paraphrasing tool can help you find options for transition words.
What is the difference between a complex sentence and a compound sentence?: Complex sentences are made up of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Compound sentences are made up of two or more independent clauses connected with a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon (or, less commonly, with a colon or an em dash).

Complex vs compound sentence examples

Complex sentence Compound sentence

If it stops raining, I will go to the park. It stopped raining, so I went to the park.

Kya was sleeping while the teacher was talking. The teacher was talking, and Kya was sleeping.

QuillBot’s Paraphraser can help you use different types of sentences to add variety to your writing.
What is an example of a complex sentence?: An example of a complex sentence is “Desmond likes to stretch before he runs.” It is made up of one independent clause (“Desmond likes to stretch”) and a dependent clause (“before he runs”).

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help ensure you’re using complex sentences correctly.
Which word signals a nonrestrictive clause in a complex sentence?: The relative pronouns “which,” “who,” “whom,” and “whose” can all be used to signal a nonrestrictive clause in a complex sentence.

These pronouns often introduce an adjective clause (or relative clause), which is a type of dependent clause. When that dependent clause is connected to an independent clause, it forms a complex sentence.

Adjective clauses can be either restrictive or nonrestrictive. Nonrestrictive clauses are set off with commas.

Nonrestrictive clauses in complex sentences examples
Camila ordered an americano, which is an espresso and water.

My best friend, who is named Ana, is coming to visit me.

The CEO, whom most people assumed was going to retire, took a job at another company.

Emilio, whose apartment I am renting, has decided to move back to town.

Note that the relative pronoun “that” is only used in restrictive clauses.

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help you ensure your writing is free of errors.
What is a compound sentence example?: An example of a compound sentence is “Rakesh likes baseball, but Simone prefers basketball.”

This sentence, like all compound sentences, has two independent clauses (“Rakesh likes baseball” and “Simone prefers basketball”). The two independent clauses are joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (“but”).

Other coordinating conjunctions (e.g., “and,” “so”) can also be used to form a compound sentence. Alternatively, a semicolon can be used (e.g., “Rakesh likes baseball; Simone prefers basketball”). An em dash or a colon can also be used to form a compound sentence, but this is less common and requires a specific relationship between the two clauses.

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help ensure your compound sentences are free of errors.
How do you make a compound sentence?: A compound sentence is made by combining two simple sentences (or independent clauses) with a comma and coordinating conjunction or a semicolon (or, less commonly, with a colon or em dash).

Compound sentence examples
We can go to the store now, or Chelsea can go after dinner.

Complete the assignment for homework, but skip the last question.

The team blew an early lead; it was a tough loss.

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help ensure your compound sentences are structured correctly.
What is the difference between a simple and compound sentence?: Simple and compound sentences differ in their number of independent clauses (i.e., a group of words with a subject and verb that can stand on its own as a sentence).

Simple sentences have one independent clause. For example: “Jack went shopping.”

Compound sentences have at least two independent clauses joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction or a semicolon (or, less commonly, by a colon or em dash). For example: “Jack went shopping, and Lucy cooked dinner.”

Note that simple sentences can have compound subjects (e.g., “Jack and Lucy went shopping”) or compound predicates (e.g., “Jack went shopping and cooked dinner”) or both (e.g., “‘Jack and Lucy went shopping and cooked dinner”).

A compound sentence, in contrast, is formed when two full simple sentences are connected.

Use QuillBot’s Grammar Checker to make sure the types of sentences you’re using are structured correctly.
What is an example of a compound-complex sentence?: An example of a compound-complex sentence is “I want to go to London, but Carrie wants to go to New York because it is closer.”

This example has the necessary components of a compound-complex sentence:

At least two independent clauses (“I want to go to London” and “Carrie wants to go to New York”) joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction (or a semicolon)

At least one dependent clause (“because it is closer”)

QuillBot’s Paraphraser can help you vary your sentence structure in your writing.
How do you write a compound-complex sentence?: You can write a compound-complex sentence in many different ways, but it must have the following components:

At least two independent clauses joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction (or semicolon, colon, or em dash)

At least one dependent clause

These components can be arranged in essentially any order. For example:

If the presentation goes poorly, I will call the client to apologize, but I don’t think we need to worry.

I will call the client to apologize if the presentation goes poorly, but I don’t think we need to worry.

The presentation went poorly; I called the client, whom I’ve known for years, to apologize.

I don’t think we need to worry, but if the presentation goes poorly, I will call the client to apologize.

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help you use compound-complex sentences correctly.
What is a synonym for not only but also?: Since not only … but also is a correlative conjunction, there is no exact synonym. However, instead of using not only … but also, you could rewrite the sentence to use a conjunctive adverb such as “moreover” or “furthermore” instead.

Not only … but also synonym examples
He not only won the election but also won by a landslide.

He won the election; moreover, he won by a landslide.

He won the election; furthermore, he won by a landslide.

The QuillBot Paraphraser can help you rewrite sentences and find alternative ways to express your meaning.
Should I use either or or neither nor?: The choice between the correlative conjunctions either … or and neither … nor depends on your intended meaning.

Use either … or when you want to present two options (e.g., “We can either go out to eat or order in”).

Use neither … nor when you want to express that two things are not true or did not happen (e.g., “We neither ate nor slept on the flight”).

When there is already a negative (e.g., “not,” “never “) in your sentence, use “or” to avoid a double negative (e.g., “We did not eat or sleep on the flight”).

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help ensure you’re using correlative conjunctions correctly.
What are some neither nor examples?: Some examples of sentences using neither … nor (a correlative conjunction) are:

The marketing campaign neither attracted new users nor increased sales.

Neither the actors nor the studios were satisfied with the result of the negotiations.

My date was neither charming nor intelligent.

Neither … nor is also used in some well-known expressions, such as:

That’s neither here nor there. Let’s focus on the main issue.

I’m going to follow my grandma’s advice: “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”

I can neither confirm nor deny that I saw Talia at the soccer game on her sick day.

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help ensure you’re using “neither … nor” correctly.
Is it neither nor or neither or?: The correct form of the correlative conjunction is neither … nor (e.g., “We have neither the capital nor the name recognition to expand into a new market”). “Or” is never used with “neither.”

A QuillBot Grammar Check can help ensure you’re using correlative conjunctions and negatives like “neither … nor” correctly.
What are some either or examples?: Either … or is a correlative conjunction that can be used in a variety of ways in sentences. Some examples are:

Either my mom or my dad will give me a ride.

They said we could either sit in the balcony or stand near the stage.

Either pay attention, or leave.

I’ll take either a soda or a water.

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help ensure you’re using either … or correctly.
What’s the difference between a subject complement and an object complement?: Both object complements and subject complements rename or describe a noun or pronoun.

Subject complements come after a linking verb and describe the subject of a sentence.

Object complements come after and describe a direct object.

Object complementsvs subject complements

Object complement examples Subject complement examples

That makes me sad. I am sad.

Let’s paint our nails blue. Our nails are blue.

The state elected her governor. She is the governor.

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help you use subject and object complements correctly.
Is an object complement a noun?: An object complement can be a noun or noun phrase, but it can also be an adjective or adjective phrase.

Object complements follow a direct object and describe or rename it. For example:

They appointed me president. [noun]

I consider her the perfect teacher. [noun phrase]

The chlorine turned my hair green. [adjective]

The critic found the book trite and predictable. [adjective phrase]

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help you ensure you’re using object complements correctly.
What is the difference between active and passive voice?: In the active voice, the subject of the sentence is the “doer” of the action (e.g., “He cooked the food”), but in the passive voice the subject is the “recipient” of this action (e.g., “The food was cooked by him”).

You can use QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker to identify uses of the passive voice in your writing.
How do you change passive voice to active voice?: To change a sentence from the passive voice into the active voice, identify the “doer” of the action and then make it the subject of the sentence.

For instance, in this passive sentence, “The play was written by Shakespeare,” the verb is “write,” and the “doer” is Shakespeare. So, the sentence with Shakespeare as the subject will begin with “Shakespeare wrote…” If we add the rest of the information, the full sentence in the active voice is “Shakespeare wrote the play.”

You can use QuillBot’s free Paraphraser to rephrase sentences that are in the passive voice.
How do you find the subject of a sentence?: The subject is “what the sentence is about.”

If the sentence is in the active voice, then the subject of the sentence is the “doer” of the action described by the main verb.

For instance, in the sentence “Kate has to write her aunt a thank-you letter,” “Kate” is the subject (she is “doing” the writing).

If the sentence is in the passive voice, the subject is not the doer, it is the “recipient” of the action (or occasionally the thing being “transferred”).

For instance, if the information from the example above is expressed in the passive voice as “Kate’s aunt has to be written a thank-you letter,” the subject is “Kate’s aunt” (the recipient).

In the sentence “A thank-you letter has to be written to Kate’s aunt,” which is also in the passive voice, the subject is “a thank-you letter” (the thing being transferred).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? You can use it to check that the verbs in your sentences “agree with” the subjects.
What is a contronym?: A contronym is a word that can also act as it’s own own antonym. Examples of contronyms include:

Cleave: to split in two or cling together

Dust: to cover with or to remove dust

Sanction: to approve or penalize

Fast: firmly fixed in place or moving rapidly

Overlook: to supervise or fail to see

Left: remaining or departed

Screen: to show or conceal

Trim: to add or reduce

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help ensure you’re using contonyms correctly.
Is it my family is or are?: We typically say and write family is (not family are) in American English, treating it as singular, like other collective nouns.

In British English, it is very common to use are with collective nouns (even in formal contexts) if the writer or speaker is thinking of the group as individuals rather than a single entity, (e.g., The family are all very health conscious). This use is not common in American English, but it is acceptable.

Knowing whether is or are is correct can be tricky. You can use QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker to check that the subject-verb agreement in your sentences is correct.
Is it everybody is or everybody are?: It is always everybody is (not everybody are)—e.g., “Everybody is meeting there at 5 p.m.”).

Knowing whether to use is or are with indefinite pronouns can be tricky because some are treated as plural, some as singular (like everybody), and some can be either.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to check the subject-verb agreement in your sentences.
Is it information is or are?: It is always information is (not information are) because it is an uncountable noun (e.g., “The information is on the website”). But you can say “pieces of information are” (e.g., “A few pieces of information are missing”).

Deciding if is or are is the right choice can be tricky. Why not use QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker to help ensure that the subject-verb agreement in your sentences is correct?
Is it either is or are?: Either is (not either are) is grammatically correct because “either” is a singular indefinite pronoun (e.g., “Either (option) is fine”).

However, in informal English, we sometimes say “either of X are” (e.g., “I don’t think either of those options are acceptable,” “I don’t think either of them are acceptable”) and “either X or Y are” (e.g., “Either Paula or Sasha are going to do it”).

Deciding if is or are is the correct choice with indefinite pronouns can be difficult. Why not use QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker to help you check the subject-verb agreement in your sentences?
Is it neither is or neither are?: Neither is, not neither are, is grammatically correct because “neither” is a singular indefinite pronoun (e.g., “Neither (option) is okay”).

However, in informal English, we sometimes say “neither of X are” (e.g., “I think neither of those options are acceptable,” “I think neither of them are acceptable”) and “neither X nor Y are” (e.g., “Neither David nor Elise are here today”).

Deciding if is or are is grammatically correct with indefinite pronouns can be tricky. You can use QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker to help you check your sentences for correct subject-verb agreement.
Is a an article?: The word “a” is an article. More specifically, “a” is one of the two indefinite articles (“a” and “an”).

Indefinite articles modify general versions of singular and countable nouns (e.g., “a bicycle” means “any bicycle” whereas “the bicycle Mia got for her birthday” refers to one specific bicycle”).

Use “a” before the noun it modifies, the first adjective that modifies the noun, or the adverb that modifies the noun’s first adjective.

Use “a” instead of “an” when the next word begins with a consonant sound (e.g., “She wore a gold necklace”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you use the indefinite article “a” correctly in your writing.
Is that an article?: The word “that” is not an article but rather, a demonstrative pronoun.

The articles in English are the definite article “the” and the indefinite articles “a” and “an.”

Use “that” before a singular, countable noun that is clear from the context or that has already been mentioned (e.g., “I’m binge watching Ted Lasso again because I love that show”).

When you’re writing with indefinite articles, definite articles, or demonstrative pronouns, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker is here to help.
What part of speech is an?: The word “an” is an indefinite article that modifies a noun. It can go right before the noun, before the first adjective that modifies the noun, or before an adverb that modifies the noun’s first adjective.

Use this indefinite article in these situations:

When you’re referring to a general version of a singular, countable noun (e.g., “an English muffin”)

When the next word starts with a vowel sound (e.g., “an hour” or “an apple”)

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid errors when you’re writing with “an.”
Is and an article?: The word and is not an article. It’s sometimes confused with the indefinite article “an,” but it’s a different part of speech.

And is a coordinating conjunction, so you can use it between two grammatically equal words, phrases, or clauses. For example, “and” can go between two independent clauses (e.g., “George had a sandwich for lunch, and Martha had soup”).

When you’re using indefinite articles or coordinating conjunctions in your writing, the QuillBot Grammar Checker is here to help.
Is of an article?: The word “of” is not an article but rather, a preposition. As a preposition, “of” begins a prepositional phrase, which also includes a noun. The following examples include prepositional phrases (in bold) that begin with “of.”

The pyramids are made of limestone blocks.

Michael published a book of poems.

In contrast to a preposition, an article is a determiner that modifies a noun. The definite article in English is “the,” and the indefinite articles are “a” and “an.”

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you use “of” correctly in your writing.
Is the an article?: The word “the” is an article. “The” is the definite article in English (as opposed to the indefinite articles “a” and “an”).

“The” is one of the determiners that can modify specific rather than general versions of nouns. When readers know exactly which noun you mean, use “the” or any other determiner (e.g., “my” or “this”) besides indefinite articles.

You can use “the” before all of these types of nouns:

Singular (e.g., “The purse over there belongs to me”)

Plural (e.g., “Except for the coins in my wallet, I don’t have any cash”)

Countable (e.g., “I put all the pens in the desk drawer”)

Uncountable (e.g., “I gave all of the gum to my niece”)

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you use “the” and other articles or determiners correctly in your writing.
How do you use the in a sentence?: Use “the” in a sentence to modify a specific version of a noun. Anytime your reader knows the exact noun you mean, use the definite article “the” or any other determiner besides the indefinite articles “a” or “an” (which are for general versions of nouns).

“The” can modify nouns that are singular, plural, countable, or uncountable. Some examples of “the” in a sentence include the following:

Nick baked the cake for Sarah’s birthday. [Singular, countable noun]

Please fold all of the shirts in this basket. [Plural, countable noun]

The soap in your bathroom smells like lavender. [Uncountable noun]

When you’re writing sentences with “the,” QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid errors.
Is very an adverb?: Very is an adverb that means “to a great extent.” It’s an adverb of degree, which is a type of qualifier.

In a sentence, “very” usually goes before the adjective that it modifies (e.g., “The very loud thunder shook the whole house”).

When you’re writing with “very” and other qualifiers, QuillBot’s free Paraphraser can help you choose the right words.
What’s the meaning of possibly?: The meaning of possibly is “somewhat likely.” “Possibly” is a qualifier and an adverb of probability.

Use “possibly” to modify a verb when you want to show that something might happen (e.g., “Depending on financial aid, Martin can possibly start law school this fall”).

You can also use “possibly” to modify an adjective (e.g., “Dave is possibly the nicest person I’ve ever met”).

QuillBot’s free Paraphraser can help you use “possibly” and other qualifiers correctly in your writing.
Do you spell out numbers under 10?: In most cases, spell out numbers under 10, which include cardinal numbers (e.g., “four books” and “nine teachers”) and ordinal numbers (e.g., fifth grade). However, there are exceptions and variations, depending on the style guidelines you’re using.

For example, APA, MLA, and Chicago guidelines require numerals for numbers under 10 when they’re part of dates, times, and measurements (e.g., “The veterinarian fed the kittens a high calorie diet until they weighed 2 pounds”).

You can also use numerals for one through nine when they go after nouns and are part of a series (e.g., “Chapter 7 takes place in a cave”).

Always check with your style book, instructor, or workplace guidelines when you’re unsure about how to spell out cardinal numbers or ordinal numbers.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can also help you use numbers correctly in your writing.
Do you hyphenate numbers?: Most (but not all) style books say to hyphenate numbers that have two words (e.g., “forty-six days”).

Unless your style requirements say otherwise, use a hyphen (-) when you need to write the words for a double-digit cardinal number (e.g., “thirty-one flavors”) or ordinal number (e.g., “twenty-first birthday”).

Some of the most common guidelines for hyphens and numbers are as follows:

APA uses hyphens for two-word numbers but only uses words for 10 and greater at the beginning of a sentence (e.g., “Last year, 25 teachers retired” or “Twenty-five teachers retired last year”).

Chicago uses words for numbers up to 100 and hyphens in numbers with two words (e.g., “The conference included workshops by twenty-seven professional musicians”).

MLA requires words for all numbers that have one or two words and doesn’t use hyphens for numbers (e.g., “The researchers interviewed thirty two students”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you with hyphens, cardinal numbers, and more.
How do you define ordinal number?: An ordinal number is defined as a number that identifies a position in a sequence or system of levels or rankings.

You can write ordinal numbers as words (e.g., “third”) or cardinal numbers combined with “-st,” “-nd,” “-rd,” or “-th” (e.g., “20th”).

For example, someone might live on the 31st floor of a building or win fourth place in a competition.

When you’re writing with ordinal numbers, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid errors.
When do you spell out numbers in APA?: The guidelines to spell out numbers in APA style writing are as follows:

Spell out the ordinal numbers “first” through “ninth” and the cardinal numbers “one” through “nine” unless they express time, measurements, or percentages/percentiles (e.g., “We interviewed 30 fifth-grade students from three schools”).

Use numerals for numbers 10 and greater or 10th and higher (e.g., “The 11th-grade students took a survey”).

Numbers that begin sentences should also be spelled out even if they are greater than 10 (e.g., “Twelve of the participants said they prefer reading nonfiction”).

When possible, avoid beginning sentences with double-digit numbers. Instead, reword the sentence so that you can use numerals (e.g., “The results showed that 15 students prefer graphic novels”).

When you’re working on APA style essays, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you write numbers correctly.
What is the definition of a modifier?: The definition of a modifier is “a word, phrase, or clause that modifies another word, phrase, or clause in a sentence.” The word “modify” means “to change.”

Modifiers—such as adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses, adverbs, adverbial phrases, adverbial clauses, participle phrases, and prepositional phrases—enhance or limit the meaning of the words they modify.

For example, in the sentence “Erin bought a blue convertible car,” the adjectives “blue” and “convertible” modify the noun “car.”

Modifiers should usually go as close as possible to the words they modify. When you’re writing with modifiers, try QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker to avoid errors.
What is a compound modifier?: A compound modifier is two or more words that act as a single adjective to modify a noun. Another term for this is “compound adjective.”

For example, in the sentence “The committee hired a well-known author to speak at the conference,” the compound modifier “well-known” describes the noun “author.”

Compound modifiers are often connected with a hyphen (e.g., “my eight-year-old daughter” or “self-cleaning oven”).

When you’re writing with compound modifiers and other compound words, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid errors.
Is for a preposition?: Yes, for is a preposition (e.g., “I bought this card for Ellen”).

The word “for” can also function as a coordinating conjunction meaning “because” (e.g., “I did not doubt him, for I knew him to be an honest man”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to use the preposition “for” correctly in your writing.
What part of speech is for?: For is typically a preposition when determining its part of speech (e.g., “Is this coffee for me?”).

However, “for” can also function as a coordinating conjunction meaning “because” (e.g., “I accepted, for it was a fair offer”).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It will help you to pick up errors with the preposition “for” in your writing.
Is for a conjunction?: Yes, for can be used as a conjunction meaning “because” (e.g., “She wore her winter coat, for the wind was bitterly cold”).

However, the word “for” typically functions as a preposition (e.g., “She has lived here for ten years”) rather than a coordinating conjunction in modern English.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you use the word “for” correctly in your writing.
Is for an adverb?: No, for is not an adverb. The word “for” typically functions as a preposition (e.g., “She’s going on vacation for two weeks”), but it can also function as a coordinating conjunction meaning “because” (e.g., “I will go now, for it is late”).

Phrases that begin with “for” often function adverbially (e.g., “… for two weeks”). However, “for” is a preposition in these phrases.

If you use “for” as a conjunction in modern English it can sound very formal or old-fashioned. You can use QuillBot’s free Paraphraser to rephrase sentences that contain “for” as a conjunction.
Is it nobody or no body?: The correct English spelling is “nobody” (one word) instead of “no body” (two words). “Nobody” is a negative and an indefinite pronoun that means “not one person.” It’s the opposite of “anybody.”

A sentence that uses “nobody” should not use another negative—such as “not” or “never.” For example, “There was nobody else on the bus” is correct, but “There wasn’t nobody on the bus” is incorrect because it’s a double negative.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you instantly find and fix errors with “nobody” in your writing.
What’s a synonym for fit in?: Some synonyms for fit in when it means “have or find time to do” are:

Find/make time (for)

Squeeze in

Manage

Balance

Work (for me, you, etc.)

Some synonyms for fit in when it means “belong to a group” are:

Integrate

Get along (with)

Assimilate

Work (well with)

QuillBot’s free Paraphraser will help you to find the best synonym for “fit in” in your specific context.
Is it in or into?: You can use in or into with some verbs like “throw”, “put,” “dive,” and “jump” in some contexts (e.g., “throw it in/into the trash,” “put it in/into the trash,” “dive in/into the water,” “jump in/into the water”).

However, “in” typically indicates location (e.g., “It’s in the kitchen,”) whereas “into” typically indicates movement in the direction of a location (e.g., “She took it into the kitchen).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to avoid confusing “in” and “into” in your writing.
Is it home in on or hone in on?: In formal English, use home in on, not hone in on, when you mean “focus mainly on a particular aspect” or “successfully find a target” (e.g., “The article homes in on the negative issues,” “The video shows the missile homing in on its target”).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? You can use it to check that you’re using phrases like “home in on” correctly in your writing.
What is the meaning of hand in hand?: The adverb hand in hand means “together.” If something “goes hand in hand” with something else, it means that the two things are very closely linked (e.g., “Quality and price often go hand in hand”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you use phrases like “go hand in hand with” correctly in your writing.
Is it check in or check-in?: If it is check in or check-in depends on the context.

If you’re using check in as a phrasal verb, then there is no hyphen (e.g., “We can check in after 3 p.m.”)

If you’re using it as a noun or as part of a compound noun, then hyphenate it (e.g., “Check-in is from 3 p.m.,” “The check-in time is 3 p.m.”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you use hyphens correctly in your writing.
What does go on mean?: The phrasal verb go on means “continue” (e.g., “I can’t go on paying all the rent on my own,” “You go on with the filing then, and I’ll write the invoices”).

“Go on” can also mean to talk about something for so long that it becomes irritating (e.g., “He went on about his job for ages”).

QuillBots free Grammar Checker can help you to use phrasal verbs like “go on” correctly in your writing.
What does on the go mean?: The phrase on the go means “very busy” (e.g., “We were on the go the whole day, so we didn’t have much time for sightseeing”).

Have you tried QuillBots free Grammar Checker? It can help you to use idiomatic phrases like “on the go” correctly in your writing.
What does on my way mean?: If you say “I’m on my way” or “I’m on the way” to someone on your cell phone, it means that you have already started traveling to the place where you’ll meet them (e.g., “Yes, I’m on my way. The bus is coming now, so I’ll see you in about 20 minutes”).

So, in this context “way” means “journey.”

QuillBots free Grammar Checker will help you to use tricky phrases like “on my way” correctly in your writing.
What are some double negative examples?: Some double negative examples include the following:

I can’t hardly wait to see The Wild Robot (“can’t” should say “can”).

Australia isn’t nowhere near the US (you can revise this to “is nowhere” or “isn’t anywhere”).

We never learned from none of our mistakes (you can revise this by removing “never” or changing “none” to “any”).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It can help you instantly find double negatives and similar errors.
It is not ever or not never?: The correct phrasing is not ever because not never is a double negative.

For example, one could say “I have not ever been to Paris” or “I haven’t ever been to Paris, but not “I have not never been to Paris” or “I haven’t never been to Paris.”

Mistakes like “not never” sometimes happen when you’re busy writing, but not to worry! QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can instantly find and fix these errors.
Is ain’t a word?: Yes, ain’t is a word. “Ain’t” is an informal contraction for “is not,” “are not,” “am not,” “do not,” “does not,” “have not” or “has not.” Like double negatives, “ain’t” is part of many English dialects, but it’s not advisable in formal English writing.

For example, if you’re writing a formal essay or communicating at work, it’s better to say “Laughter isn’t always the best medicine” than “Laughter ain’t always the best medicine.”

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid “ain’t” in formal writing.
Is with capitalized in a title?: With is capitalized in a title if you are following APA Style because it is a preposition with four letters or more. With is not capitalized in a title if you are following MLA Style, where all prepositions are lowercase.

If you are using a style guide, check its rules for the capitalization of titles. If you are not following a style guide, then you can choose if you want to capitalize “with” in your titles, but it is important to be consistent.

Consult your style guide to see if you should write headings and subheadings in title case or sentence case.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to identify errors with capitalization in your texts.
Is it without or with out?: It is without, not with out.

“Without” typically functions as a preposition and is spelled as one word (e.g., “Do you want your burger with or without ketchup?”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to correct errors in your writing—like writing “without” as two words instead of one.
What type of sentence contains a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses?: A complex sentence contains a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses (aka dependent clauses). The main clause is an independent clause that could be its own simple sentence because it expresses a complete idea and has a subject and a verb.

For example, each of these complex sentences has a main clause in bold.

If they make another Spider-Man movie, we have to go see it when it’s at the cinema.

The meeting ended abruptly because the Wi-Fi was down.

When you’re writing with complex sentences, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid errors.
Is a subordinate clause a dependent clause?: Yes, a subordinate clause is a dependent clause. “Subordinate clause” and “dependent clause” have the same meaning—a group of words that has a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.

A subordinate clause is not a complete idea because it begins with a subordinating conjunction (e.g., “when”) or a relative pronoun (e.g., “which”). It needs to be combined with a main clause in a complex sentence (e.g., “After we ate dinner, we watched a show”).

When you’re writing sentences with subordinate clauses, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you use correct grammar and punctuation.
Is it I would love to or too?: The phrase is I would love to or “I’d love to” (not “I would love too” or “I’d love too”) when you’re accepting an offer. For example:

Person A: We’re going to the lake tomorrow. Why don’t you come too?

Person B: Yes, I would love to.

Here, the word to is part of the full infinitive, but the verb does not need to be repeated (i.e., it’s short for “I would love to come”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to avoid mistakes with commonly confused words like “to” and “too.”
Is it referring to or too?: It is referring to, not referring too. For example:

“When he said ‘the Big A,’ I think he was referring to New York.”

“Referring back to your earlier question, this is a good example of the problems I highlighted.”

“Referring” is a form of the verb “refer” and the word to is a preposition.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to spot errors with easily confused words like “too” and “to.”
Is it in regard to or in regards to?: It is in regard to, not in regards to (e.g., “I am writing in regard to your recent inquiry about our products”).

“In regard to” means “concerning” and is used interchangeably with “in regards to.” However, “in regard to” is the standard form that you will find in dictionaries, so it is best to say and write “in regard to” in formal contexts. The word to is a preposition in this phrase.

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It will help you to avoid mistakes with commonly confused words like “regard” and “regards.”
Is it led by or lead by?: It can be led by or lead by.

It is led by in passive sentences where it means “managed by” (e.g., “This project was led by Helen, our head of Marketing”).

It is lead by in the phrase “lead by example” (when used in the present tense), which means setting an example for the people you are managing by behaving the way you would like them to behave, (e.g., “If you want your team to be honest with you, you need to lead by example by being honest with them”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to avoid mistakes with tricky irregular verbs like “lead.”
Is it affected by or effected by?: It can be affected by or effected by.

It is typically affected by, meaning “influenced by” (e.g., “The harvest was badly affected by the poor weather conditions”).

However, it can be “effected by” if you mean “initiated by,” “implemented by,” or “caused by” (e.g., “This was one of the positive changes effected by the organization”). The word effect is not commonly used as a verb like this in everyday language.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to avoid errors with commonly confused words like “affect” and “effect.”
Is it by or bye?: It can be by or bye.

Spell it “bye” if you mean “goodbye.”

Spell it by if you are using it as a preposition (e.g., “… written by Shakespeare,” “A town by the sea,” “… painted by hand”).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It can help you to avoid mistakes with homophones like “by” and “bye.”
Is it on the plane or in the plane?: It is on the plane or in the plane depending on the context. “On” is usually the correct preposition of place for a plane, but sometimes “in” is also a correct option.

Use “on” to describe travelling or riding by plane or other form of mass transportation where you can stand or choose a seat (e.g., “I took a nap on the plane”).

You can use “in the plane” or “on the plane” when you’re distinguishing between a location “inside” rather than “outside” the plane (e.g., “I’m still at the gift shop, but my wife is already in the plane”).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It will help you use “on” and “in” correctly in your writing.
Is it on the beach or at the beach?: On the beach or at the beach are correct, but the best preposition of place depends on the context.

Use “on the beach” rather than “at the beach” when the location is the surface of the beach or a coastline (similar to how you’d say “on a street” or “along the coast”)

Use “at the beach” for a point on a map or a geographical location.

We walked on the beach and looked for seashells.

I stood on the beach and watched the waves.

We spent the morning at the beach and the afternoon at the pool.

When you’re unsure about which preposition to use with “beach,” try QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker.
Is it in line or on line?: The correct phrase is usually in line when you’re waiting for your turn in a line of other people (e.g., “We waited in line at the restaurant”). On line is a regional variation in New York but uncommon in other places.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you use correct prepositions of place like “in” and “on” in your writing.
What does up and about mean?: You say that someone is up and about when they don’t have to stay in their bed anymore after an illness or injury (e.g., “He’s almost better; I think he’ll be up and about tomorrow”).

It is also used to mean “awake and active” in some varieties of English, such as British English (e.g., “What are you doing up and about so early? You normally sleep in on Saturdays”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to use idiomatic expressions like “up and about” correctly in your writing.
What does about time mean?: You say something is about time when you think that it should have already happened, but it hasn’t happened (e.g., “It’s about time they fixed this road; it’s full of potholes”).

If you say something was “about time,” you think that it should have happened much sooner than it did (e.g., “It was about time she won an Oscar; she should have won at least three by now”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to use idiomatic phrases like “about time” correctly in your writing.
What does roundabout mean?: The adjective roundabout means “indirect” or “unnecessarily complicated” (e.g., “That was a very roundabout way of saying no”).

In some varieties of English, such as British English, roundabout is also a noun meaning “traffic circle” or “playground merry-go-round.”

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? You can use it to check that you’re using the word “roundabout” correctly in your writing.
Is it make sense or since?: It is make sense, not make since (e.g., “I don’t understand that sentence; it doesn’t make sense to me,” “Sure, I understand; that makes sense”).

The word since typically refers to the starting point of a time period that lasts up to the time of speaking (e.g., “I haven’t made peanut butter cookies since my kids were little”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you pick up typos like “since” instead of “sense” in your writing.
Is it ever since or every since?: It is ever since, not every since (e.g., “We went to that restaurant on our first anniversary, and we’ve been going there every year ever since“).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It will help you pick up typos like “every since” instead of “ever since” in your writing.
Is since a coordinating conjunction?: No, since is not a coordinating conjunction, but it can be used as a conjunction and be classified as a subordinating conjunction (e.g., “I normally shop there since it’s a bit closer,” “You’ve loved these cookies since you were a child”).

QuillBot’s free Paraphraser will help you find alternative ways of formulating clauses beginning with the conjunction “since.”
Is outside an adjective or adverb?: Outside can be an adjective or an adverb. It can also function as a preposition or a noun.

The company is looking at only outside candidates to fill the role. [adjective]

The children always play outside after school. [adverb]

Please wait outside the building until 7 p.m. [preposition]

They want us to paint the outside of the house. [noun]

A free QuillBot grammar check can help you use words like “outside” correctly.
Is it you’ll or y’all?: The choice of you’ll or y’all depends on the meaning of your sentence.

You’ll is a contraction that means “you will” (e.g., “You’ll love the new restaurant”).

Y’all is a contraction that means “you all” (e.g., “Y’all are welcome anytime“).

QuillBot’s Grammar Checker can help you avoid mistakes with “you’ll” and “y’all” in your writing.
Is it this is she or this is her?: It can be “this is she” or “this is her” depending on the context. In formal contexts—such as answering the phone at work—use a nominative case pronoun for a predicate nominative after “is.”

Caller: “Hi, I’m returning a call from Dr. Jones.”

Sarah: “This is she.”

In everyday situations, though, “this is her” is perfectly fine (“My grandmother sent me this photograph, and this is her next to the tree”).

The QuillBot paraphrasing tool is an excellent resource when you’re exploring formal and informal ways to use pronouns.
Is it you and me or you and I?: It can be you and me or you and I depending on the sentence. “You and I” is correct for a sentence subject because it’s in the nominative case (e.g., “You and I should have lunch”).

“You and me” is correct when you need the accusative case for a direct object or the dative case for an indirect object or object of a preposition (e.g., “The restaurant reserved a special table just for you and me”).

Use the subject pronoun “I” for nominative case and the object pronoun “me” for the accusative/dative case (aka the objective case).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker for help with pronouns? It can show you which pronouns are correct in any piece of writing.
Is it him and I or him and me?: “Him and I” is incorrect, but you can use “him and me.” “Him” and “me” are both object pronouns, so they can be used together when you need the objective case (which includes the dative case and the accusative case).

Dative case: The neighbors play volleyball with him and me every Saturday.

Accusative case: They asked him and me to water their garden during their vacation.

The subject pronoun “I,” which is one of the nominative case pronouns, cannot be combined with the object pronoun “him.” “I” can only be a subject or a predicate nominative.

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can instantly find and fix errors—such as “him and I”—in your writing.
Is it her and I or she and I?: “Her and I” is not correct, but you can use “she and I” because they’re both nominative case pronouns that can be part of a compound subject (e.g., “She and I lived together during college”).

“Her” is not a nominative case pronoun but rather, an object pronoun. You can say “her and me” when you need the objective case (which includes the dative case and the accusative case).

Dative case: The teacher gave her and me extra credit.

Accusative case: Mom took her and me out to dinner.

When you combine two pronouns with “and,” they need to be in the same case.

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can instantly find and fix errors—such as “her and I”—in your writing.
What does above reproach mean?: If something is above reproach, it means that there is no reason to criticize it, especially in terms of moral correctness (e.g., “A judge’s conduct must be above reproach,” “The journal stated that the peer-reviewed article is above reproach and will not be retracted”).

QuillBot’s Paraphraser will help you to find alternatives for “above reproach” that fit that context of your text.
What does above the fold mean?: If a newspaper article is above the fold, it means that it is on the top half of the front page and therefore in the most important place (e.g., “The editor wants to run the article above the fold”).

The term “above the fold” is also used to refer to the upper part of a webpage or email that is visible without the user having to scroll down (e.g., “The most important links on the homepage should all be above the fold”).

If you’re ever writing something that’s above the fold, the QuillBot Grammar Checker will help you ensure that it’s error free.
Is it dative case or objective case?: The correct use of dative case or objective case depends on what language you’re studying. In English, the three grammatical cases are nominative, genitive, and objective (which includes dative and accusative).

In some languages (e.g., German, Latin, and Russian), dative case is one of four or more total cases, including nominative, genitive, accusative, and dative.

Dative case applies to an indirect object that receives the direct object. For example, in “Mom bought him ice cream,” “him” is an indirect object, and “ice cream” is a direct object.

Dative case and accusative case in English both use object pronouns (e.g., “me”) or reflexive pronouns (e.g., “myself”) rather than subject pronouns (e.g., “I”). In other languages, the accusative and dative cases have different sets of rules.

When you’re writing sentences with indirect objects and direct objects, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you choose the correct object pronouns.
What does under no circumstances mean?: The phrase under no circumstances means “never” or “in no situations” (e.g., “Under no circumstances should fire extinguishers be used to hold open doors”).

You can use QuillBot’s Grammar Checker to help ensure that you’re using the phrase “under no circumstances” correctly in your writing.
What does under par mean?: The phrase under par means “disappointing because it is below the expected standard” (e.g., “Although somewhat under par for a movie from this director, it’s still definitely worth seeing).

“Feeling under par” means feeling slightly unwell (e.g., “I was feeling a bit under par this morning, but I’m full of energy now”).

“Under par” is a golfing analogy. In golf, “par” is the number of shots it should take an excellent golfer to complete a particular hole, so it has a meaning similar to “average.”

Have you tried QuillBot’s Grammar Checker? You can use it to help check that you’re using the phrase “under par” correctly in your writing.
Is its possessive?: Its is a possessive adjective that means “belonging to it” (e.g., “The squirrel shook its tail”). Other possessive adjectives include

“my,” “your,” “her,” “his,” “its,” “our,” “their,” and “whose.”

Possessive adjectives do not have apostrophes like possessive nouns (e.g., “Shelly’s house” or “the dog’s blanket”). Possessives are also considered genitive case.

“Its” is sometimes confused for “it’s,” which isn’t a possessive but a contraction for “it is.”

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you find and fix errors with possessive adjectives and other uses of the genitive case. It can also help you avoid errors with Its versus it’s.
Is it until or untill?: It is until, not untill.

The preposition and subordinating conjunction “until” is spelled with one “l.”

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you avoid common typos like “untill” instead of “until.”
Is it until or til?: Both until and ‘til are correct and have the same meaning.

They can be used interchangeably but “‘til” (written with an apostrophe before it) is informal, so is best avoided in formal writing such as a research paper.

QuillBot’s free Paraphraser tool can help you find the right level of formality for your text.
Is it till or until?: Both till and until are correct and have the same meaning.

They can be used interchangeably, but “till” has a more informal effect, so is best avoided in formal writing—such as academic writing.

QuillBot’s free Paraphraser tool can help you to fine-tune the formality of your text.
Does until include that day?: When until refers to a day or date, the meaning can be ambiguous because “until” refers to a particular point in that day or date rather than the whole day or date.

When people say “I’m out of office until Monday/May 2,” they generally mean that the state of “being out of office” will continue up to and end at the beginning of work, school, etc. on Monday (e.g., at 9 a.m. when they start work on Monday), so they will be back at work and available on Monday/May 2.

If they say “I’m here/available/working until Wednesday,” they generally mean that the state of “being here/available/working” will continue up to the end of work, school, etc. on Wednesday (e.g., 5 p.m. on Wednesday), so they will still be here/available/working on Wednesday.

To avoid confusion, you can specify the “end point” of the state or situation (e.g., “I’m out of office until 9 a.m. on May 2,” or “I’m available until 5 p.m. on Wednesday”).

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? You can use it to check your out of office email messages.
How do you spell until correctly?: The word until is spelled with one “l.”

Have you tried QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker? It will help you avoid common typos like “untill” instead of “until.”
Is it where, were, or we’re?: It can be where, were, or we’re depending on the context.

Use the interrogative “where” when you want to ask a question about location (e.g., “Where is Carmen going for vacation?”

Use the verb “were” when you need the past tense form of “be” (e.g., “The dogs were barking loudly yesterday”).

“We’re” is a contraction for “we are” (e.g., “We’re making our own bouquets for the anniversary party”).

These three words sound alike, so it’s easy to get them confused. Luckily, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you keep them straight.
Is it could of or could have?: The correct phrase is could have, not could of. People sometimes accidentally write “could of” because it sounds like the contraction “could’ve.” However, the preposition “of” never goes after the modal verb “could.”

“Could have” and “could’ve” are both correct ways to show that something was once possible but didn’t happen (e.g., “We could have/could’ve gone to the beach last year, but we went to the mountains instead”).

To avoid mistakes like “could of,” “would of,” “should of,” etc, you can run any piece of writing through the QuillBot Grammar Checker. It will instantly spot these errors and show you what to write instead.
Can you use contractions in formal writing?: Contractions are sometimes too informal for certain types of academic writing (e.g., essays and dissertations). In workplace writing and job applications (e.g., cover letters), they’re usually fine in moderation.

For example, “I am writing to apply for … ” sounds stilted, whereas “I’m writing to apply for … ” sounds more concise and natural.

When you do need to avoid contractions, the QuillBot Paraphraser can instantly show you formal alternatives.
Are all compound words nouns?: Some but not all compound words are nouns. Common compound nouns include “airport,” “grandparent,” “sandbox,” “yard sale,” and “merry-go-round.” Compound words can also be other parts of speech:

Adjectives (e.g., “middle-aged” or “everlasting”)

Adverbs (e.g., “clockwise” or “anymore”)

Verbs (e.g., “eavesdrop” or “foreclose”)

Phrasal verbs (e.g., “bring up” or “give away”)

Prepositions (e.g., “into” or “outside”)

Indefinite pronouns (e.g., “anybody” or “no one”)

Compound words can be tricky because some of them are closed (one word with no hyphen), and others are open (two words) or hyphenated. Luckily, the QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you format compound words correctly.
What are some common compound words?: Some of the most common compound words include the following:

Compound nouns like “airplane,” “bookshelf,” “peanut butter,” and “watermelon”

All of the phrasal verbs (e.g., “hang out” and “dive in”)

The indefinite pronouns “everyone,” “someone,” and “anybody”

The prepositions “into,” “outside,” and “without”

Compound adjectives like “old-fashioned”

Compound words can be closed (one word with no hyphen), open (two words), or hyphenated. When you’re writing with compound words, the QuillBot Grammar Checker will ensure that they’re spelled and formatted correctly.
What are the most common reporting verbs?: The most common reporting verbs are “said,” “explained,” “wrote,” and “asked” (e.g., “Dr. Xiu said that I am very healthy”). Reporting verbs can be past tense, like these examples, or simple present tense (e.g., “says” or “writes”).

Use past tense reporting verbs when you’re using direct speech and indirect speech/reported speech for a quote that happened in the past. Use present tense to report a quote that is happening in the present moment (e.g., “Mom says it’s time to go home”).

When you use reporting verbs in your writing, the QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you with correct grammar and punctuation.
What are number prefixes?: Number prefixes are groups of letters at the beginning of a word that denote the quantity of the base word. For example, “bi-” means “two,” and a bicycle has two wheels (whereas a tricycle has three). The prefixes for each number are as follows:

Uni- or mono-

Bi- or di-

Tri-

Tetra-

Penta-

Hexa-

Hepta-

Octa-

Ennea-

Deca-

Words with number prefixes can be challenging to spell, but the QuillBot Grammar Checker will help you write them correctly.
What does the prefix in mean?: The prefix “in-” means “not.” It gives a root word the opposite meaning. For example, “inactivity” is the opposite of “activity.” Other words with the prefix “in” include “inaccurate,” “inedible,” and “incoherent” (e.g., “The rotten vegetables were totally inedible”).

Sometimes the prefix “in-” is confused with “un-” because they mean the same thing. Luckily, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can prevent those errors.
What does the prefix dis mean?: The prefix “dis-” means “stop” or “remove.” For example, when you add “dis-” to the verb “appear” to make “disappear,” it means that something stopped appearing. Other words with the prefix “dis” include “disengage,” “disassemble,” and “disobey.”

Spelling errors are common with long words that begin with “dis-,” such as “dissatisfaction” and “disassociation.” The QuillBot Grammar Checker instantly finds and fixes spelling errors.
Do English words have Greek prefixes?: Yes, English words have Greek prefixes, such as “mono-” in “monorail” and “monoculture” and “anti-” in “antibiotic” and “anticlimactic.” Some of the other Greek prefixes include:

Auto- (e.g., automobile)

Hyper- (e.g., hyperactive)

Hypo- (e.g., hypothyroidism)

Para- (e.g., paraprofessional)

Tele- (e.g., telecommunications)

Have you tried QuillBot’s AI Chat for questions about word origins? It will instantly show you detailed and accurate responses to common grammar questions.
Do English words have Latin prefixes?: Yes, English words have Latin prefixes, such as “pre-” in “preview” and “prehistoric” and “in-” at the beginning of “inconceivable” and “inevitable.” Some of the other Latin prefixes include the following:

Ab- (e.g., abnormal)

De- (e.g., deactivate)

Im- (e.g., impossible)

Re- (e.g., regain)

QuillBot’s AI Chat can show you fascinating and detailed lists of English words with Latin prefixes.
What is a suffix with steward or host?: A suffix with steward or host is “-ess” (i.e., “stewardess” and “hostess”). The “-ess” suffix means “female.” Other words with the “-ess” suffix include “goddess” and “princess.”

“Stewardess” and “hostess” are appropriate when you know the person is a female, but otherwise, opt for gender-neutral terms, such as “host.” (A neutral term for “stewardess” is “flight attendant.”)

The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you with correct spelling when you’re writing with words that end in the suffix “-ess.”
What is a suffix with Senegal or Sudan?: A suffix with Senegal or Sudan is “-ese” (i.e., “Senegalese” and “Sudanese”), which is also a suffix with Japan and other country names (e.g., “Japanese” and “Vietnamese”).

You can add the “-ese” suffix to a country name to create a different noun for the people or language (e.g., “Whitney speaks Japanese fluently”) or an adjective that describes a noun (e.g., “Japanese architecture” and “Senegalese culture”).

QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you spell words like “Senegalese” and “Sudanese” correctly in your writing.
What are some words that end in the osis suffix?: Some words that end in the osis suffix include the following:

Hypnosis

Diagnosis

Metamorphosis

Symbiosis

Halitosis

Cirrhosis

Fibrosis

Osteoporosis

Prognosis

Neurosis

Tuberculosis

Words that end in “-osis” are usually nouns for processes or medical conditions.

Spelling words that end in “-osis” can be tricky because they’re usually long, but the QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you get them right.
What is a suffix in a name?: A suffix in a name is a letter or group of letters after the surname (aka last name) that provides details about someone’s familial relationship (e.g., “Jr.”) or professional qualifications (e.g., “MD”).

Some of the most common name suffixes include the following:

Jr. (short for “junior”) is for a man who has the same first and middle name as his father (e.g., Cuba Gooding Jr.).

III (short for “the third”) is for a man who has the same given name as his father and grandfather (e.g., Randolph Severn Parker III)

MD is an abbreviation for “medical doctor” (e.g., Sanjay Gupta, MD)

PhD is a suffix for someone who’s earned a doctorate of philosophy (e.g., Mayim Bialik, PhD)

When a name suffix denotes a professional qualification, there’s usually a comma between the surname and the suffix. The QuillBot Grammar Checker can help you use name suffixes correctly in your writing.
What are some words with the suffix ment?: Some words with the suffix ment, which often converts a verb into a noun, include the following:

Amusement

Agreement

Commitment

Development

Improvement

Government

Management

Movement

Nourishment

Settlement

Spelling errors are common with words that end in suffixes because they can be rather long, but QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker instantly finds and fixes spelling errors.

Paraphraser

Grammar Checker

AI Detector

Plagiarism Checker

AI Humanizer

AI Chat

Translate

Summarizer

Citation Generator

What is direct speech?

Sentence and word structure: Other interesting questions

Function of paragraph	Transition word examples
Introducing a point	to begin with, first of all, first (or second or third)
Building on a previous point	furthermore, to illustrate, considering x, on the subject of x, similarly, consequently, returning to x
Contrasting with a previous point	however, in contrast, on the other hand

Complex sentence	Compound sentence
If it stops raining, I will go to the park.	It stopped raining, so I went to the park.
Kya was sleeping while the teacher was talking.	The teacher was talking, and Kya was sleeping.

Object complement examples	Subject complement examples
That makes me sad.	I am sad.
Let’s paint our nails blue.	Our nails are blue.
The state elected her governor.	She is the governor.

What is direct speech?

Sentence and word structure: Other interesting questions

Perfect your writingwith one click

Perfect your writing
with one click