An end rhyme is when the final words or syllables of two or more lines of poetry rhyme with each other. This is the most common type of rhyme in English poetry. End rhymes create a sense of flow and emphasize the last word of every line even more.
—Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost
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Catachresis is the misapplication of a word or phrase in a way that defies conventional use. It makes exaggerated, unusual, or forced comparisons between two ideas or objects that initially seem incorrect but reveal new meanings. We encounter catachresis in literature, poetry, songs, and everyday speech.
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Hyperbaton is the deliberate disruption of normal word order in a sentence, as in the phrase “This I must see.” It involves changing the customary position of words and phrases to add emphasis, create a distinct rhythm, or convey a particular tone. Hyperbaton can be found in literature, poetry, and speeches.
Bright as the sun, her eyes the gazers strike—Alexander Pope, The Rape of the Lock
Pity this busy monster, manunkind, not—e.e. cummings
Much to learn, you still have—Yoda, Star Wars
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An ellipsis (plural ellipses) is the deliberate omission of one or more words from a sentence because their meaning is implied by context. It is also the name of the punctuation mark (“…”) used to indicate missing words, a pause, or an unfinished thought.
“I was thinking about … never mind.” (ellipsis to signal hesitation)
Ellipsis is a versatile linguistic tool allowing for brevity, ambiguity, and dramatic effect. We encounter it in literature, speech, and everyday communication.
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An innuendo is an indirect remark that suggests something inappropriate, critical, or sexual, while appearing innocent on the surface. For example, saying, “That’s quite an interesting outfit,” might sound neutral but subtly hints at disapproval. We encounter innuendos in everyday conversations, literature, films, and even advertisements.
“Oh, I’m sure they were just ‘working late’ at the office.”
“She did her best with the presentation … considering her experience level.”
“Oh, they live in that part of town? How … interesting.”
Innuendos are often used to discuss taboo topics, critique ideas, or add humor. However, it is important to be aware that innuendos can sometimes be misinterpreted or come across as inappropriate, depending on the context and audience.
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Diction is the choice and arrangement of words in a piece of writing, for example, choosing “furious” instead of “angry.” Diction can have a great impact on how the audience perceives a text, particularly its tone and mood. In speech, diction refers to how clearly we articulate our words, for example, whether we enunciate each word or mumble through a text when we read.
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A platitude is a statement that is overused and often lacks originality or depth. Phrases like “Everything happens for a reason” are intended to offer comfort but are often criticized for their superficiality. Although platitudes are considered poor writing, they can be found in everyday speech, social media, inspirational writing, or self-help books.
Live and let live
Time heals all wounds
Just follow your heart
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An adage is a short memorable saying that many people believe is true. Adages typically express a common experience or observation, such as “Never judge a book by its cover.” These sayings are passed down through generations and are accepted as conventional wisdom. People often prefer to use an adage to avoid directly criticizing or confronting others.
They broke up soon after they moved to different cities—it’s true what they say, “Out of sight, out of mind.”
If you are thinking of applying for that job, do it now. “Strike while the iron is hot,” as they say.
Don’t worry, you’ll get chosen for the team. Every dog has its day.
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Sarcasm is a form of verbal irony in which individuals say the opposite of what they mean to mock someone or something, show irritation, or be humorous. In sarcasm, what seems like praise is actually a caustic remark, and it is signaled by a change in intonation. For example, if someone makes a mistake, you might respond with “Oh well done!” Because sarcasm can easily come across as rude, it is important to use it carefully.
That’s just what I need. (After something bad or annoying happens)
Really, Einstein? (After someone says something obvious)
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Antithesis is placing two contrasting ideas within a balanced structure, as in “Go big or go home.” By setting opposing elements side by side, antithesis highlights key differences between them and creates rhythmic statements that stick in our minds. Antithesis is common in writing and speaking, where it is often used to explain and emphasize complicated concepts.
“My only love sprung from my only hate.”—Romeo and Juliet (Act 1, scene 5) by William Shakespeare
“Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven.”—Paradise Lost by John Milton
Continue reading: What Is Antithesis? | Definition, Examples & Meaning
